The Pliro wiki. Programming, explained.

UpdatedOct 7, 2026

Labs: simulation clocks and live measurements

/wiki/guides::labs

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

sum

/wiki/builtins::sum

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

stepSimulation

/wiki/builtins::stepsimulation

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

startSimulation

/wiki/builtins::startsimulation

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

simulationRate

/wiki/builtins::simulationrate

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

simulationClock

/wiki/builtins::simulationclock

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

round

/wiki/builtins::round

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

resetSimulation

/wiki/builtins::resetsimulation

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

recordMeasurement

/wiki/builtins::recordmeasurement

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

pauseSimulation

/wiki/builtins::pausesimulation

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

minimum

/wiki/builtins::minimum

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

measurementValues

/wiki/builtins::measurementvalues

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

measurementSeries

/wiki/builtins::measurementseries

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

maximum

/wiki/builtins::maximum

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

clearMeasurements

/wiki/builtins::clearmeasurements

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

average

/wiki/builtins::average

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

advanceSimulation

/wiki/builtins::advancesimulation

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

absolute

/wiki/builtins::absolute

UpdatedSep 29, 2026

Changelog

/wiki/changelog

UpdatedSep 25, 2026

Debugging, tests and profiling

/wiki/guides::development-tools

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

Advanced data and networking

/wiki/guides::advanced-applications

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

writeFileText

/wiki/builtins::writefiletext

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

sendWebSocket

/wiki/builtins::sendwebsocket

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

rollbackTransaction

/wiki/builtins::rollbacktransaction

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

receiveWebSocket

/wiki/builtins::receivewebsocket

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

readHTTPStream

/wiki/builtins::readhttpstream

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

readFileText

/wiki/builtins::readfiletext

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

querySQL

/wiki/builtins::querysql

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

openWebSocket

/wiki/builtins::openwebsocket

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

openHTTPStream

/wiki/builtins::openhttpstream

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

migrateData

/wiki/builtins::migratedata

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

listDirectory

/wiki/builtins::listdirectory

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

httpRequest

/wiki/builtins::httprequest

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

executeSQL

/wiki/builtins::executesql

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

configValue

/wiki/builtins::configvalue

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

configEnvironment

/wiki/builtins::configenvironment

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

commitTransaction

/wiki/builtins::committransaction

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

closeWebSocket

/wiki/builtins::closewebsocket

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

closeHTTPStream

/wiki/builtins::closehttpstream

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

beginTransaction

/wiki/builtins::begintransaction

UpdatedSep 22, 2026

The playground: text, blocks and live preview

/wiki/guides::playground

UpdatedSep 20, 2026

startOrchestra

/wiki/builtins::startorchestra

UpdatedSep 20, 2026

Compose music: orchestra, scores and MIDI input

/wiki/guides::music

UpdatedSep 20, 2026

Make your own 3D textures

/wiki/guides::textures

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

Forms and the form designer

/wiki/guides::forms

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

Editions, activation and export

/wiki/guides::editions

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

Project display settings

/wiki/guides::display-settings

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

Two games to explore: sound, sprites, 3D and forms

/wiki/guides::demo-games

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

stopTrack

/wiki/builtins::stoptrack

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

stopAllSounds

/wiki/builtins::stopallsounds

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

startSound

/wiki/builtins::startsound

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

startMelody

/wiki/builtins::startmelody

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

showForm

/wiki/builtins::showform

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

setVolume

/wiki/builtins::setvolume

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

setTrackVolume

/wiki/builtins::settrackvolume

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

playNote

/wiki/builtins::playnote

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

getWebText

/wiki/builtins::getwebtext

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

getWebJSON

/wiki/builtins::getwebjson

UpdatedSep 16, 2026

SuperLogo and the turtle: learning by drawing

/wiki/guides::superlogo-and-turtles

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

The history of Pliro: learning to program together

/wiki/guides::history-of-pliro

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

Turing completeness: what a language can express

/wiki/concepts::turing-completeness

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

Raspberry Pi: a small computer for your projects

/wiki/concepts::raspberry-pi

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

GPIO: connecting code to buttons and lights

/wiki/concepts::gpio

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

Alan Turing: thinking about what computers can do

/wiki/concepts::alan-turing

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

Pliro IDE: code, blocks and live preview

/wiki/guides::pliro-ide

UpdatedSep 11, 2026

while: repeating while a condition is true

/wiki/syntax::while

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

when — cooperative event scripts

/wiki/syntax::when

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

use — import a project module

/wiki/syntax::use

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Unsupported and reserved syntax

/wiki/syntax::unsupported

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Unary + — numeric identity

/wiki/syntax::unary-plus

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Unary - — numeric negation

/wiki/syntax::unary-minus

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Different kinds of values

/wiki/syntax::types

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

true — the Boolean true literal

/wiki/syntax::true

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Text and string literals

/wiki/syntax::text

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

- — subtraction

/wiki/syntax::subtract

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Square brackets: lists and indexing

/wiki/syntax::square-brackets

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Source files and projects

/wiki/syntax::source-files

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

set: changing an existing value

/wiki/syntax::set

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Where can I use my variable?

/wiki/syntax::scope

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

return: sending an answer back

/wiki/syntax::return

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

% — remainder

/wiki/syntax::remainder

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

A function that calls itself

/wiki/syntax::recursion

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Parentheses: grouping and calls

/wiki/syntax::parentheses

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

or: when at least one condition must be true

/wiki/syntax::or

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Number and number literals

/wiki/syntax::number

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

not: reversing a true-or-false answer

/wiki/syntax::not

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

!= — inequality

/wiki/syntax::not-equal

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

none: when there is no value

/wiki/syntax::none

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

* — multiplication

/wiki/syntax::multiply

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Using a dot to find a named value

/wiki/syntax::member-access

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Map: looking up values by a key

/wiki/syntax::map

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Source-language directive

/wiki/syntax::locale

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

List: keeping items in order

/wiki/syntax::list

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

let: giving a value a name

/wiki/syntax::let

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

< — less than

/wiki/syntax::less

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

<= — less than or equal to

/wiki/syntax::less-equal

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Finding an item by its position

/wiki/syntax::indexing

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Whitespace and indentation

/wiki/syntax::indentation

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

in — separate loop name and iterable

/wiki/syntax::in

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

if: making a choice

/wiki/syntax::if

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Choosing names and recognizing keywords

/wiki/syntax::identifiers

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

> — greater than

/wiki/syntax::greater

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

>= — greater than or equal to

/wiki/syntax::greater-equal

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

The complete grammar: how Pliro fits together

/wiki/syntax::grammar

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

function: naming a reusable job

/wiki/syntax::function

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

for: visiting each item

/wiki/syntax::for

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

false — the Boolean false literal

/wiki/syntax::false

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Working out a value: expressions

/wiki/syntax::expressions

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

== — equality

/wiki/syntax::equal

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

How Pliro stores text files

/wiki/syntax::encoding

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

else: what happens otherwise

/wiki/syntax::else

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

/ — division

/wiki/syntax::divide

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Comments: #

/wiki/syntax::comments

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Comma: separators and trailing commas

/wiki/syntax::comma

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Colon: block headers and map entries

/wiki/syntax::colon

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Sharing and copying lists and maps

/wiki/syntax::collection-sharing

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Functions inside functions

/wiki/syntax::closures

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Changing a value inside nested collections

/wiki/syntax::chained-assignment

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Using a function: calls and arguments

/wiki/syntax::calls

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Braces: map literals

/wiki/syntax::braces

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Boolean: true or false

/wiki/syntax::boolean

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Grouping instructions in blocks

/wiki/syntax::blocks

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

= — initialization and assignment

/wiki/syntax::assignment-sign

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

and: when both conditions must be true

/wiki/syntax::and

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

+ — addition and concatenation

/wiki/syntax::add

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Syntax and values

/wiki/syntax::readme

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

What is Pliro?

/wiki/guides::what-is-pliro

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

What is a computer program?

/wiki/guides::what-is-a-program

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Trying unusual inputs

/wiki/guides::unusual-inputs

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Drawing with the turtle

/wiki/guides::turtle

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Following a program step by step

/wiki/guides::tracing

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Testing your program

/wiki/guides::testing

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Saving data for later

/wiki/guides::storage

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Making a program stop repeating

/wiki/guides::stopping-loops

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Remembering what is happening

/wiki/guides::state

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Sprites: pictures you can move

/wiki/guides::sprites

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Source code and finished apps

/wiki/guides::source-and-apps

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Putting things in order

/wiki/guides::sorting-lists

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Finding something in a list

/wiki/guides::searching-lists

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

3D worlds, coordinates, and cameras

/wiki/guides::scene3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Sharing your project safely

/wiki/guides::safe-sharing

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Trying commands one at a time

/wiki/guides::repl

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Random does not mean “take turns”

/wiki/guides::randomness

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Planning your first project

/wiki/guides::project-planning

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Using the mouse or a pointing device

/wiki/guides::pointer-input

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Changing the language of your code

/wiki/guides::localization

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Why Pliro limits a running program

/wiki/guides::limits

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Questions and keyboard input

/wiki/guides::input

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Input, processing, and output

/wiki/guides::input-processing-output

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Improving a working program

/wiki/guides::improving-code

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Where can my program run?

/wiki/guides::hosts

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

2D coordinates and drawing

/wiki/guides::graphics

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Controlling pins: from pretend devices to Raspberry Pi

/wiki/guides::gpio

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Your first Pliro program

/wiki/guides::getting-started

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Different screens in a game

/wiki/guides::game-screens

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Keeping your code neat

/wiki/guides::formatting

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Running and stopping a program

/wiki/guides::execution

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Complete example programs

/wiki/guides::examples

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Reacting to events, timers, and messages

/wiki/guides::events

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Understanding error messages

/wiki/guides::diagnostics

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Breaking a problem into smaller steps

/wiki/guides::decomposition

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Finding bugs like a detective

/wiki/guides::debugging

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Choosing colors in Pliro

/wiki/guides::colors

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Choosing clear names

/wiki/guides::clear-names

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Building and distributing applications

/wiki/guides::build

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Bits, bytes, and computer memory

/wiki/guides::bits-bytes-memory

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Adding pictures and sounds to a project

/wiki/guides::assets

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Animation and frame timing

/wiki/guides::animation

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

What is an algorithm?

/wiki/guides::algorithms

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Making programs for everyone

/wiki/guides::accessible-programs

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Programming guides

/wiki/guides::readme

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

UTF-8: how letters become bytes

/wiki/concepts::utf-8

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Unicode: a shared catalogue of characters

/wiki/concepts::unicode

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Syntax and semantics: spelling and meaning

/wiki/concepts::syntax-and-semantics

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Side effects: more than an answer

/wiki/concepts::side-effects

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Short-circuiting: stop checking when the answer is known

/wiki/concepts::short-circuiting

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Sandbox: a bounded place to run code

/wiki/concepts::sandbox

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Runtime and host: who does what?

/wiki/concepts::runtime-and-host

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Return values: the answer a function gives back

/wiki/concepts::return-values

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Pixels: the small pieces of a picture

/wiki/concepts::pixels

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Permissions and capabilities: can it, and may it?

/wiki/concepts::permissions

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Parameters and arguments: passing information to a function

/wiki/concepts::parameters-and-arguments

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Mutation: changing something already there

/wiki/concepts::mutation

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Modules: sharing work between source files

/wiki/concepts::modules

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Project manifests: the project's information card

/wiki/concepts::manifests

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Literals: values written directly in code

/wiki/concepts::literals

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Line endings: invisible marks between lines

/wiki/concepts::line-endings

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

JSON: a text format for data

/wiki/concepts::json

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

IDE: your programming workbench

/wiki/concepts::ide

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Frames and FPS: pictures over time

/wiki/concepts::frames-and-fps

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Floating-point numbers: why tiny rounding happens

/wiki/concepts::floating-point

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

File paths: an address for a file

/wiki/concepts::file-paths

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

File extensions: the ending of a filename

/wiki/concepts::file-extensions

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Event loop: how scripts take turns

/wiki/concepts::event-loop

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Escape sequences: special characters inside text

/wiki/concepts::escape-sequences

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Compiler and interpreter: making code run

/wiki/concepts::compiler-and-interpreter

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Command line: giving a tool a written instruction

/wiki/concepts::command-line

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Collision detection: do two objects touch?

/wiki/concepts::collision-detection

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Code points: what does length count?

/wiki/concepts::code-points

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Canonical identity: one operation, different names

/wiki/concepts::canonical-identity

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

API: an agreed way to ask for something

/wiki/concepts::api

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Concepts explained

/wiki/concepts::readme

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

writePin

/wiki/builtins::writepin

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

wait

/wiki/builtins::wait

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

turnCamera3D

/wiki/builtins::turncamera3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

turn3D

/wiki/builtins::turn3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

touching3D

/wiki/builtins::touching3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

texture3D

/wiki/builtins::texture3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

text

/wiki/builtins::text

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

started

/wiki/builtins::started

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

sphere3D

/wiki/builtins::sphere3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

solid3D

/wiki/builtins::solid3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

showSprite

/wiki/builtins::showsprite

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

showImage

/wiki/builtins::showimage

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

say

/wiki/builtins::say

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

savedDataKeys

/wiki/builtins::saveddatakeys

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

saveData

/wiki/builtins::savedata

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

right

/wiki/builtins::right

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

repeatList

/wiki/builtins::repeatlist

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

remove3D

/wiki/builtins::remove3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

rectangle

/wiki/builtins::rectangle

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

readPin

/wiki/builtins::readpin

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

randomInt

/wiki/builtins::randomint

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

position3D

/wiki/builtins::position3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pointerY

/wiki/builtins::pointery

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pointerX

/wiki/builtins::pointerx

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pointerReleased

/wiki/builtins::pointerreleased

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pointerPressed

/wiki/builtins::pointerpressed

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pointerClicked

/wiki/builtins::pointerclicked

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

playSound

/wiki/builtins::playsound

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pinOutput

/wiki/builtins::pinoutput

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

pinInput

/wiki/builtins::pininput

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

penUp

/wiki/builtins::penup

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

penDown

/wiki/builtins::pendown

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

moveCamera3D

/wiki/builtins::movecamera3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

messageReceived

/wiki/builtins::messagereceived

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

lookAt3D

/wiki/builtins::lookat3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

loadData

/wiki/builtins::loaddata

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

length

/wiki/builtins::length

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

left

/wiki/builtins::left

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

keyPressed

/wiki/builtins::keypressed

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

keyDown

/wiki/builtins::keydown

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

home

/wiki/builtins::home

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

hideSprite

/wiki/builtins::hidesprite

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

forward

/wiki/builtins::forward

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

exitApp

/wiki/builtins::exitapp

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

drawText

/wiki/builtins::drawtext

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

drawLine

/wiki/builtins::drawline

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

draw3D

/wiki/builtins::draw3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

deleteData

/wiki/builtins::deletedata

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

cylinder3D

/wiki/builtins::cylinder3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

color3D

/wiki/builtins::color3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

clearCanvas

/wiki/builtins::clearcanvas

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

clear3D

/wiki/builtins::clear3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

clear

/wiki/builtins::clear

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

circle

/wiki/builtins::circle

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

choose

/wiki/builtins::choose

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

camera3D

/wiki/builtins::camera3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

broadcast

/wiki/builtins::broadcast

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

box3D

/wiki/builtins::box3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

askYesNo

/wiki/builtins::askyesno

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

askNumber

/wiki/builtins::asknumber

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

ask

/wiki/builtins::ask

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

aim3D

/wiki/builtins::aim3d

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

after

/wiki/builtins::after

UpdatedSep 10, 2026

Built-ins

/wiki/builtins::readme